含不凝性气体蒸汽浸没射流冷凝压力振荡实验研究

实验研究了不凝性气体（空气）含量、水温和蒸汽质量流速对蒸汽浸没射流冷凝压力振荡特性的影响，实验工况横跨冷凝振荡（CO）区和稳定冷凝（SC）区。结果表明：对于纯蒸汽射流，压力振荡主频随水温的升高而降低，振荡强度随水温的升高而升高；在CO区，振荡主频和振荡强度均随蒸汽质量流速的升高而升高；在SC区，振荡主频随蒸汽质量流速的升高而降低，振荡强度基本上不随蒸汽质量流速的变化而发生改变；对于含空气射流，随空气质量分数的增加，振荡主频总体呈下降趋势，振荡强度先迅速下降后小幅上升，在空气质量分数为0.05～0.1区域内振荡主频和振荡强度均存在极小值。     

重力注水过程流动不稳定现象关键影响因素研究

重力驱动注水过程中由于流量较小以及蒸汽的积聚可能导致流动不稳定现象的发生，对核反应堆安全运行具有重要的影响。通过实验研究的方法，搭建了重力注水模拟实验装置，研究了不同蒸汽出口形阻、高位储水箱水位和加热棒初始温度下流动不稳定现象的变化规律。结果表明，重力驱动注水过程流动不稳定现象包含冷却水初次注入阶段、注入水逐出阶段和冷却水再注入阶段等。在一定冷却水初始温度、冷却水入口形阻以及系统压力下，蒸汽排出速度以及实验本体内筒顶部的聚集情况取决于蒸汽出口形阻，减小蒸汽出口形阻可加快蒸汽排放速度，压力峰峰值降低、振荡周期变长，有利于系统稳定；提高高位储水箱水位加快了冷却水注入速率，增加了加热棒被淹没率，降低了流动不稳定现象的发生次数和持续时间；随加热棒初始温度的升高，冷却水流量出现了波动向停滞的转变，流动不稳定现象发生的次数增加且持续时间加长。     

The isothermal reduction kinetics of chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite sinter

The reduction of chromium-bearing vanadium–titanium magnetite sinter (CVTMS) by CO was investigated at 1123–1223?K. The reduction degree increased with increasing temperature. The isothermal reduction kinetics of CVTMS was analysed, according to Sharp analysis and ln–ln analysis, the kinetic mechanism of reduction process for all samples in different basicity can be represented as f(α)?=?1.61(1?α)[?ln(1?α)]^1–1/1.61. The reaction activation energy of all samples (R?=?1.9, 2.1, 2.3, obtained according to the components of the materials burdening used in sintering process) at different reaction degrees were calculated by the model-free method. And the pre-exponential factors of reaction also were calculated by the mathematical method. The rate controlling step for the reduction process under the present reduction condition was chemical reaction.     

高供氧压力下高马赫数氧枪数值模拟

  以北方某钢厂100 t转炉为原型，建立顶吹转炉炉内流场的三维数学模型，采用Fluent软件研究了不同高马赫数氧气射流与熔池钢液速度流场分布之间的依赖关系。研究发现，高马赫数氧枪在Ma（马赫数）为2.0～2.3时，曲线平稳，为最佳供氧压力。在提高供氧压力的同时，氧气射流的最大速度、熔池钢液面的冲击直径及冲击深度也随之增加。模拟结果显示，氧气射流在设计工况氧压小于1.0 MPa时，射流之间相互干扰作用最弱；氧气射流在设计工况氧压力大于1.0 MPa后，冲击直径与冲击深度增幅较小。基于上述研究，在实际生产中应用了高马赫数氧枪后，并结合变枪变压操作工艺，可以改善熔池底部钢液流动状况、稳定转炉吹炼过程、控制炉渣喷溅。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定薏苡仁药材中黄曲霉毒素

目的建立高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(high performance liquid chromatography-masss pectrometer,HPLC-MS)测定薏苡仁中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2的方法,并对比不同产地薏苡仁中黄曲霉毒素含量。方法样品经过免疫亲合柱处理后,采用HPLC-MS进行测定。分析柱为C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8μm),流动相为10 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液-甲醇溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为25℃。结果黄曲霉毒素B_1在0.26～10.4ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9995),平均加样回收率为75.4%～123.9%,黄曲霉毒素B2在0.0875～3.5 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9996),平均加样回收率为71.1%～124.2%,黄曲霉毒素G_1在0.295～11.89 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9995),平均加样回收率为78.9%～112.2%,黄曲霉毒素G2在0.1475～5.9 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9992),平均加样回收率为73.8%～123.9%。结论该方法准确、可靠、专属性强,通过精确化合物离子监测,可准确的测定薏苡仁中黄曲霉毒素含量。     

Characterizations of friction welding joint interface for AISI 316

Because of heat amount is different from peripheral to central of friction welding interface, which is leaded to vary the characterizations along that interface. Current study, respectively, focused on the effect of different friction pressure on micro-structural and mechanical properties of that friction welding joint interface. Presently, these friction pressures are 110, 130, 150 and 170 MPa while kept all other conditions constant. The effects of different friction pressure on welding interface characterization were investigated by EDX, SEM, tensile, compression, impact and hardness tests. The tensile tests carried out on the standardized test piece with diameter 6 mm and 8 mm, thus, compression tests were extracted from the positions of 0°, 45° 90° with test specimen of 4 mm diameter and 6.5 mm length at weld center. Whereas, the impact test pieces were picked up in two positions, the first one is symmetrical, which it obtained to the respect of the rotation axis and the interface, on the other hand, the second one is non-symmetrical with the axis of rotation and symmetrical to the interface, for making the notch head coincide with the center of the welded joint, The obtained results showed that with reducing of friction pressure will present lack of bonding increasing from peripheral toward the welding center, which will responsible on reducing of the mechanical properties such as tensile, compression and impact strength.     

面向数据流结构的指令映射优化方法

在高性能计算领域,数据流是一类重要的计算结构,也在很多实际场景表现出很好的性能和适用性。在数据流计算模式中,程序是以数据流图来表示的,数据流计算中一个关键的问题是如何将数据流图映射到多个执行单元上。通过分析现有数据流结构的指令映射方法及其不足,提出了基于数据流结构的新型指令映射优化方法。主要是根据多地址共享数据包的特性对指令映射方法进行优化,延迟多地址共享数据路由包的拆分,减少网络拥堵。     

Field‐based robotic phenotyping of sorghum plant architecture using stereo vision

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is known as a major feedstock for biofuel production. To improve its biomass yield through genetic research, manually measuring yield component traits (e.g. plant height, stem diameter, leaf angle, leaf area, leaf number, and panicle size) in the field is the current best practice. However, such laborious and time‐consuming tasks have become a bottleneck limiting experiment scale and data acquisition frequency. This paper presents a high‐throughput field‐based robotic phenotyping system which performed side‐view stereo imaging for dense sorghum plants with a wide range of plant heights throughout the growing season. Our study demonstrated the suitability of stereo vision for field‐based three‐dimensional plant phenotyping when recent advances in stereo matching algorithms were incorporated. A robust data processing pipeline was developed to quantify the variations or morphological traits in plant architecture, which included plot‐based plant height, plot‐based plant width, convex hull volume, plant surface area, and stem diameter (semiautomated). These image‐derived measurements were highly repeatable and showed high correlations with the in‐field manual measurements. Meanwhile, manually collecting the same traits required a large amount of manpower and time compared to the robotic system. The results demonstrated that the proposed system could be a promising tool for large‐scale field‐based high‐throughput plant phenotyping of bioenergy crops.     

Determination of Acoustical Parameters of Aqueous Solution of Kolliphors Binary Mixtures Using Density,Speed of Sound,Viscosity, and Surface Tension Measurements

Measurements of density, speed of sound, and surface tension as well as viscosity of aqueous Kolliphor® ELP (ELP) and Kolliphor® RH 40 (RH40) solutions as well as binary mixtures at different surfactant mole fractions were made at 293 K to investigate their aggregation behavior. The free volume, internal pressure, and molar cohesive energy were calculated and compared to the specific acoustic impedance and intermolecular free length to obtain qualitative information about the character of interactions between the surfactant molecules in the mixture through the water phase.     

地下水穿透情形下玻璃固化体的蚀变研究

玻璃固化体在高放废物处置库中的长期处置行为，是处置库安全评价的关键环节之一。本研究模拟极端情形下，地下水穿透包装容器与固化体接触后，固化体中元素的浸出和蚀变行为。结果表明，地下水与固化体接触后，各元素的浸出浓度迅速增大，在200 d后逐渐下降并趋于稳定；温度对固化体中不同元素浸出速率的影响不同，B和Si的浸出速率随温度的增加而增大，U和Re的浸出速率随温度的降低而增大；固化体蚀变程度随温度的升高而加重，但其蚀变层的形成会阻滞元素在其中的扩散，客观上降低了固化体蚀变速率；富Si处置环境有利于抑制固化体中元素的浸出。